Introduction: The Heartbeat of South Indian Spirituality
The melodic tapestry of South India is vibrant and historically rich, with periya melam music pulsating at its core. More than just a genre, periya melam is a spiritual essence that has deeply influenced the religious and cultural identity of South Indian Hindus.
Periya Melam: The Voice of the Divine
For many in the South Indian Hindu community, periya melam is far more than music—it’s an ethereal journey. With each note, devotees don’t just listen; they experience the deity. This sonic embodiment transforms the intangible into tangible, grounding the deity’s presence amidst its worshippers. It’s no wonder then that periya melam is central to temple festivities and ceremonies.
The Dual Essence of Periya Melam
- Mangalam (Auspiciousness): This aspect guarantees the well-being and prosperity of the devotees.
- Gambiram (Majesty): Imparts a stately aura, symbolizing the grandeur of divine beings.
Together, these elements bestow periya melam with its unique character, setting it apart from other musical traditions.
The Nagasvaram: Soul of the Temple
“If there’s a village, there’s a temple. If there’s a temple, there’s the nagasvaram.” This saying epitomizes the deep connection between periya melam and temple rituals. The nagasvaram, a quintessential wind instrument, breathes life into periya melam, its poignant notes serving as an invocation to the gods.
Historical Echoes of Periya Melam
Its undeniable impact on South Indian culture notwithstanding, the intricate history and evolution of periya melam remain a mystery to many. This art has been handed down over generations, intertwining not only with religious traditions but also with the broader cultural milieu of South India.
Performance Practices: Tradition Meets Modernity
While periya melam’s core remains traditional, its performance techniques have gracefully evolved, reflecting the dynamic nature of South Indian culture. This delicate blend of old and new ensures that periya melam remains as enthralling today as it was in yesteryears.
A Peek into Periya Melam’s Past: The Vijayanagar Era
- Timeframe: The periya melam tradition is believed to have blossomed during the 14th to 17th centuries, under the Vijayanagar empire.
- Literary Footprints: By the early 15th century, essential instruments of this tradition began appearing in literary compositions.
- Nomenclature Evolution: Earlier, “nagasara” or “nagasura” were terms used to refer to what we now know as “nagasvaram.”
- Drumming Terminology: Instruments akin to drums were often referred to as “dolu,” “dola,” or “doi,” reminiscent of North Indian musical heritage.
- First Reference: The Telugu masterpiece, Kridabhirama, dating around 1400, is possibly the earliest to mention this instrument as “nagasara.”
The Rhythmic Patterns: Ragas and Rituals
Periya Melam intricately weaves ragas, melodic patterns in Indian classical music. These ragas, aligned with specific daily rituals, set the tone for temple ceremonies. For instance, early morning rituals might involve the performance of a chosen ragam, creating an ambient atmosphere. Meanwhile, mid-morning ceremonies could see the extended rendition of a specific ragam, without any compositions.
Conclusion: The Timeless Echo of Periya Melam
To grasp the essence of South Indian culture, immerse yourself in the soulful melodies of periya melam. For countless devotees, it’s more than music—it’s a conduit to the divine, a mirror of their emotions, and a reflection of their heritage. In the resonance of periya melam, the spirit of South India truly comes alive.
—–
source: Terada, Yoshitaka. 2008. „Temple Music Traditions in Hindu South India: ‚Periya Mēḷam‘ and Its Performance Practice“. Asian Music 39 (2): 108–51.
